True 1 , the default, means enabled; False 0 means disabled. Used by the Cluster service to monitor if the entry points to the Resource DLLs are deadlocked a condition that occurs when two processes are each waiting for the other to complete before proceeding. For example, to see the private properties for the cluster OpsClust, type the following at a command prompt:. The following table describes a cluster private property for cryptographic checkpoints.
This private property is useful in two scenarios:. If there is a third-party resource or application that uses a third-party cryptographic provider that is not supplied by Microsoft. For more information, see A third-party resource fails to come online in a mixed-version cluster or while upgrading a cluster.
If you have security concerns about the cryptographic checkpoint data that is written to the quorum when you import resource data to a cluster node before bringing the resource online. You can use this private property to change the encryption levels for any of the cryptographic providers supplied by third-party developers or by Microsoft that are used by the Cluster service.
Sets the encryption levels key lengths for a cryptographic key that is used to export encrypt and import decrypt resource data cluster and cluster application cryptographic checkpoints. The imported and exported resource data is saved to the quorum. The cryptographic key is generated by a cryptographic provider that uses the RC2 block encryption method. For example, one of the standard cryptographic providers supplied with the Windows Server family is "Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider v1.
For this property to take effect, the resource DLL must add the cryptographic checkpoint for the property. This is because the cryptographic key is exported and saved to the quorum when the checkpoint is added for the very first time; prior to the resource coming online the key is imported from the file saved in the quorum.
Review the documentation for your cryptographic provider to obtain the correct procedure for adding the cryptographic checkpoint. Property lists. Storage configuration options. Group and resource failure problems.
Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Contents Exit focus mode. Note For this property to take effect, the resource DLL must add the cryptographic checkpoint for the property.
In this article. Your configuration usually depends on the service level agreements SLAs that are in place in your organization to provide and support clustered workloads in the event of a failure or disaster at a site. In this configuration, the cluster consists of two or more sites that can host clustered roles.
If a failure occurs at any site, the clustered roles are expected to automatically fail over to the remaining sites. Therefore, the cluster quorum must be configured so that any site can sustain a complete site failure. In this configuration, the cluster consists of a primary site, SiteA , and a backup recovery site, SiteB.
Clustered roles are hosted on SiteA. Because of the cluster quorum configuration, if a failure occurs at all nodes in SiteA , the cluster stops functioning. In this scenario the administrator must manually fail over the cluster services to SiteB and perform additional steps to recover the cluster. Skip to main content.
This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Contents Exit focus mode. Is this page helpful? Please rate your experience Yes No. Any additional feedback? Important It is usually best to use the quorum configuration that is recommended by the Configure Cluster Quorum Wizard.
Note You can change the cluster quorum configuration without stopping the cluster or taking cluster resources offline. Note You can also select Do not configure a quorum witness and then complete the wizard. Note You can also select No Nodes. Note You can also select Do not configure a quorum witness , and then complete the wizard. Note After you configure the cluster quorum, we recommend that you run the Validate Quorum Configuration test to verify the updated quorum settings.
It is always necessary to investigate why the cluster quorum was lost. It is always preferable to bring a node or quorum witness to a healthy state join the cluster rather than starting the cluster without quorum. Important After a cluster is force started, the administrator is in full control of the cluster.
The cluster uses the cluster configuration on the node where the cluster is force started, and replicates it to all other nodes that are available. If you force the cluster to start without quorum, all quorum configuration settings are ignored while the cluster remains in ForceQuorum mode. This includes specific node vote assignments and dynamic quorum management settings.
Important After a cluster is force started on a node, we recommend that you always start the remaining nodes with the quorum prevented. Note To force the cluster to start on a specific node that contains a cluster configuration that you want to use, you must use the Windows PowerShell cmdlets or equivalent command-line tools as presented after this procedure.
If you use Failover Cluster Manager to connect to a cluster that is force started, and you use the Start Cluster Service action to start a node, the node is automatically started with the setting that prevents quorum.
Submit and view feedback for This product This page. View all page feedback. In this article. The cluster automatically assigns a vote to each node and dynamically manages the node votes. If it is suitable for your cluster, and there is cluster shared storage available, the cluster selects a disk witness. This option is recommended in most cases, because the cluster software automatically chooses a quorum and witness configuration that provides the highest availability for your cluster.
You can add, change, or remove a witness resource. You can configure a file share or disk witness. You should select this option only when you have application-specific or site-specific requirements for configuring the quorum. You can modify the quorum witness, add or remove node votes, and choose whether the cluster dynamically manages node votes.
By default, votes are assigned to all nodes, and the node votes are dynamically managed. Only nodes have votes. No quorum witness is configured. The cluster quorum is the majority of voting nodes in the active cluster membership.
Nodes have votes. In addition, a quorum witness has a vote. The cluster quorum is the majority of voting nodes in the active cluster membership plus a witness vote.
A quorum witness can be a designated disk witness or a designated file share witness. No nodes have votes. Only a disk witness has a vote. The cluster quorum is determined by the state of the disk witness. Generally, this mode is not recommended, and it should not be selected because it creates a single point of failure for the cluster. Dedicated LUN that stores a copy of the cluster database Most useful for clusters with shared not replicated storage.
SMB file share that is configured on a file server running Windows Server Does not store a copy of the cluster database Maintains cluster information only in a witness.
Must have a minimum of 5 MB of free space Must be dedicated to the single cluster and not used to store user or application data Must have write permissions enabled for the computer object for the cluster name The following are additional considerations for a file server that hosts the file share witness: A single file server can be configured with file share witnesses for multiple clusters. The file server must be on a site that is separate from the cluster workload.
This allows equal opportunity for any cluster site to survive if site-to-site network communication is lost.
If the file server is on the same site, that site becomes the primary site, and it is the only site that can reach the file share. The file server can run on a virtual machine if the virtual machine is not hosted on the same cluster that uses the file share witness. For high availability, the file server can be configured on a separate failover cluster.
A witness file stored in Azure Blob Storage Recommended when all servers in the cluster have a reliable Internet connection.
This is usually the most appropriate quorum configuration for that cluster. However, it is a good idea to review the quorum configuration after the cluster is created, before placing the cluster into production. In Failover Cluster Manager, the basic quorum configuration is displayed in the summary information for the selected cluster, or you can review the information about quorum resources that returns when you run the Get-ClusterQuorum Windows PowerShell cmdlet.
At any time, you can run the Validate Quorum Configuration test to validate that the quorum configuration is optimal for your cluster. The test output indicates if a change to the quorum configuration is recommended and the settings that are optimal. If a change is recommended, you can use the Configure Cluster Quorum Wizard to apply the recommended settings. After the cluster is in production, do not change the quorum configuration unless you have determined that the change is appropriate for your cluster.
You might want to consider changing the quorum configuration in the following situations:. For more information about validating a failover cluster, see Validate Hardware for a Failover Cluster. It is usually best to use the quorum configuration that is recommended by the Configure Cluster Quorum Wizard.
We recommend customizing the quorum configuration only if you have determined that the change is appropriate for your cluster. For more information, see General recommendations for quorum configuration in this topic. Membership in the local Administrators group on each clustered server, or equivalent, is the minimum permissions required to complete this procedure. Also, the account you use must be a domain user account.
You can change the cluster quorum configuration without stopping the cluster or taking cluster resources offline. The Configure Cluster Quorum Wizard appears. Click Next. On the Select Quorum Configuration Option page, select one of the three configuration options and complete the steps for that option.
Before you configure the quorum settings, you can review your choices. For more information about the options, see Overview of the quorum in a failover cluster , earlier in this topic.
To allow the cluster to automatically reset the quorum settings that are optimal for your current cluster configuration, click Use typical settings and then complete the wizard. To add or change the quorum witness, click Add or change the quorum witness , and then complete the following steps.
For information and considerations about configuring a quorum witness, see Witness configuration earlier in this topic. On the Select Quorum Witness page, select an option to configure a disk witness or a file share witness. The wizard indicates the witness selection options that are recommended for your cluster. You can also select Do not configure a quorum witness and then complete the wizard.
If you have an even number of voting nodes in your cluster, this may not be a recommended configuration. If you select the option to configure a disk witness, on the Configure Storage Witness page, select the storage volume that you want to assign as the disk witness, and then complete the wizard. If you select the option to configure a file share witness, on the Configure File Share Witness page, type or browse to a file share that will be used as the witness resource, and then complete the wizard.
To configure quorum management settings and to add or change the quorum witness, click Advanced quorum configuration and witness selection , and then complete the following steps. For information and considerations about the advanced quorum configuration settings, see Node vote assignment and Dynamic quorum management earlier in this topic. On the Select Voting Configuration page, select an option to assign votes to nodes.
By default, all nodes are assigned a vote. However, for certain scenarios, you can assign votes only to a subset of the nodes. You can also select No Nodes. This is generally not recommended, because it does not allow nodes to participate in quorum voting, and it requires configuring a disk witness. This disk witness becomes the single point of failure for the cluster. On the Configure Quorum Management page, you can enable or disable the Allow cluster to dynamically manage the assignment of node votes option.
Selecting this option generally increases the availability of the cluster. By default the option is enabled, and it is strongly recommended to not disable this option. This option allows the cluster to continue running in failure scenarios that are not possible when this option is disabled.
You can also select Do not configure a quorum witness , and then complete the wizard. Confirm your selections on the confirmation page that appears, and then click Next. After the wizard runs and the Summary page appears, if you want to view a report of the tasks that the wizard performed, click View Report. After you configure the cluster quorum, we recommend that you run the Validate Quorum Configuration test to verify the updated quorum settings. Windows PowerShell equivalent commands.
The following examples show how to use the Set-ClusterQuorum cmdlet and other Windows PowerShell cmdlets to configure the cluster quorum. The following example changes the quorum configuration on the local cluster to a node majority with witness configuration. The disk resource named Cluster Disk 2 is configured as a disk witness.
The following example removes the quorum vote from node ContosoFCNode1 on the local cluster. A cluster that does not have enough quorum votes will not start. As a first step, you should always confirm the cluster quorum configuration and investigate why the cluster no longer has quorum. This might happen if you have nodes that stopped responding, or if the primary site is not reachable in a multisite cluster.
After you identify the root cause for the cluster failure, you can use the recovery steps described in this section. After you determine that you cannot recover your cluster by bringing the nodes or quorum witness to a healthy state, forcing your cluster to start becomes necessary.
Forcing the cluster to start overrides your cluster quorum configuration settings and starts the cluster in ForceQuorum mode. Forcing a cluster to start when it does not have quorum may be especially useful in a multisite cluster. Consider a disaster recovery scenario with a cluster that contains separately located primary and backup sites, SiteA and SiteB.
If there is a genuine disaster at SiteA , it could take a significant amount of time for the site to come back online. You would likely want to force SiteB to come online, even though it does not have quorum.
When a cluster is started in ForceQuorum mode, and after it regains sufficient quorum votes, the cluster automatically leaves the forced state, and it behaves normally.
Hence, it is not necessary to start the cluster again normally.
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